Hello Jesse, Just prior to your answer I found out that setting the compatibility in my Vbox WinXP 32 to Win98/ME did the trick. Strange enough compatibility options Win2000 or Win NT were not in the list. I wanted to use the old WaterCAD version to check a simple irrigation layout I did some years ago for a botanical garden in Laos using EPANET2 and WaterNetGen. Regardes, Teunis

Hi Teunis, I'm glad to hear that you were able to get it working. If you have the opportunity to do so, I would still strongly recommend checking out a newer book with our newer version. We've improved WaterCAD and WaterGEMS a lot since 2001. Regarding the project that was based on EPANET - the following article will help explain how the EPANET elements are mapped to WaterCAD. It it written for more recent versions but should generally apply to the older version you're using: What are the limitations of importing/exporting EPANET files?

Hello, This doesn't seem to be an issue in the latest version of SewerGEMS. What version are you currently using? If it is an older version, you may want to upgrade, using the steps in this link . Regards, Scott

Hello Hari, Are you saying the the flow results at the outfall are zero? Have you tried graphing the results to confirm if there is flow at other time steps? Regards, Scott

Hi Jesse, Thanks for the additional info. Regards, Teunis

thanks in advance I think characteristic time should be considered when setting simulation time for any transient event, Is it ?

Dear Jesse, your link already replied thank you so much for your fast response

Dear Jesse That was really helpful

Applies To Product(s): SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, StormCAD, PondPack, SewerCAD Version(s): CONNECT Edition, V8i Area: Layout and Model Input Original Author: Mark Pachlhofer, Bentley Technical Support Group Problem How can I apply a rainfall depth to a dimensionless curve such as the standard SCS 24 hour distribitions, to create a storm event? Solution 1) Create a new Time-Depth or Time-Intensity entry by right clicking on the folder and choosing, New > Time-Depth (or New > Time-Intensity) 2) Single left click on the new time-depth or time-intensity curve that you created and look to the right side of the window under the Storm Event Input tab. Click on the drop down arrow next to the new button and choose "Add return event from dimensionless curve...". 3) This will open the engineering library and you can then go in and select the dimensionless curve you want to use, such as the SCS Type II 24 hour. If you need to create a custom distribution first, you can do so under Components > Engineering libraries. 4) In the "Generate Storm Event" window that appears next, provide a label, return frequency, total depth, etc and click OK. Your time-depth or time-intensity event will be constructed based on the entered depth and dimensionless distribution. Storm Tracking Starting with the CONNECT Edition Update 1, when using Time-Depth or Time-Intensity storm data, the source of the dimensionless rainfall curves is now documented in the Storm Data dialog. This will include information on if the storm is from a dimensionless curve, and if so, which dimensionless curve library and rainfall curve was used. This makes it easier for you to understand the source of your storm events. If the storm was not created from a dimensionless curve, the fields for Dimensional Rainfall Curve Library and Dimensionless Rainfall Curve will be blank. If you open an existing model from an older version of the product with existing rainfall data, these fields will be listed as Unavailable, even if they were generated from a dimensionless curve library. How to create a custom rainfall distribution A custom rainfall distribution can be created from the Engineering Libraries manager. Go to Components and click Engineering Libraries. Select a library from the "Dimensionless Rainfall Curves" section or create a new one. Click the New icon and select Add Item. Set the "Dimensionless Time Type" to either Dimensionless Time or Time. Select the "Dimensionless Depths" input field and click "...". Click the Edit icon, enter the Time Settings, then click OK. Enter the depths and click OK. Now when you are in the Storm Data dialog you can select the new icon for the Time-Depth event and select "Add return event from Dimensionless curve", then select the curve you just created. See Also Where does the data for the bul70-71 and bas70-71 dimensionless rainfall curve come from?

Hello Hari, The graph I mentioned can be ignored, since this is StormCAD. I took a look at your model and this appears to be working as expected. The flow report at the outfall is flow related to channels or conduits. The gutter flow is still reported in the property field "Lost Surface Rational Flow". Regards, Scott

I just wanna my model setup is good or not. Because I am getting high spread. I can only use up to 9.5 ft. When I used flow master with same data the spread is different and too low.If this model is working i will go for further design new sections. Also, Once I rum automated design can I adjust the value manually? After adjusting I have to just analyse the network or I have re-run the design? I have four constraints velocity, cover, slope and spread, Is there any way to assign it in correct order because after assigning all constraints and set design inverts and pipe it gave random pipe slope to adjust constraints after design. I went through that guide "how to apply constraints " but it is still not working. Please suggest me for my user notifications in my model, that is ok or still I have to correct it?

In addition to the Help topics on the Time of Concentration methods, we also have the following article in our wiki, specifically on the TR-55 Shallow Concentrated flow that you mentioned: Using the TR-55 Shallow Concentrated Flow Method

Hello Hari, There are no red user notifications and the results converge, so the setup should work. You have notifications related to lost subsurface flow, but these are for the catch basins that are set up to have a very little captured flow, so that is expected. The high spread values appear to be for the gutters where there is little captured flow, so this is not a surprise as well. I checked FlowMaster for one of the gutters (GU-3) and it appears have similar results compared to StormCAD. Was there a certain gutter you checked that was different? As for the automated design results, StormCAD uses a set of design priorities . The order of these cannot be changed by the users. It is possible that a lower priority is violated to keep a higher priority item from being violated. Applying changes manually is often required after running the automated design. As noted in the Help topic "Design Considerations": "As with any automated design, the program's design is intended only as a preliminary step. It will select pipe sizes and pipe invert elevations based on the input provided, but no computer program can match the skills that an experienced engineer has. The modeler should always review any automated design, and should make any changes required to adjust, improve, and otherwise polish the system." While you can run the design again, that will be up to your engineering judgment. If you are happy with your adjustments to the automated design run, performing an analysis should be sufficient.

In EPS, a 75-ft diameter tank drops 40 feet in an hour, but the flow out would result in less than a 3-foot drop. The physical settings appear to properly define a 75-ft diameter tank with a total capacity of 1.56 MG. What could be causing this anomaly? The tank level remains steady until the booster station feeding the zone shuts down due to dropping suction pressure when a fire demand is applied in the suction-side pressure zone. The flow out of the zone through PRVs and from demands matches the flow out of the tank, once the PS shuts off. But the tank level drops rapidly without obvious cause.

Applies To Product(s): HAMMER Version(s): V8 XM, V8i, CONNECT Edition Area: Modeling Original Author: Scott Kampa, Bentley Technical Support Group Overview This Technote provides a reference for modeling turbines in Bentley HAMMER, for hydropower applications. Additional information can be found in the Help documentation for the product. For information on modeling turbine energy recovery in WaterCAD or WaterGEMS, see: Using the Scenario Energy Cost and Energy Management tools in WaterGEMS and WaterCAD Background Turbines are used to convert the potential energy of flowing water into electricity. They can be used in large scale applications like dams, or small scale such as recovering energy on the downstream side of a hill.. Given the importance of turbines in these systems, it is essential for a modeler to predict the transient pressures that might occur and to implement an adequate surge control strategy to ensure the safety and reliability of the turbine. Bentley HAMMER can be used to model transient simulations where turbines are involved and analyze potential protective measures that can be used to mitigate the effects of transient events. Turbines in HAMMER Hydropower turbines are located at the downstream end of a conduit, or penstock, to absorb the moving water's energy and convert it to electrical current. Conceptually, a turbine is the inverse of a pump, but very few pumps or turbines can operate in both directions without damage. If the electrical load generated by a turbine is rejected, a wicket gate must rapidly stop flow, resulting in a large increase in pressure, which propagates upstream (in the penstock). The primary purpose of transient simulations with turbines is to look at ways to protect the system against rapid changes in the electrical and/or hydraulic components of the hydroelectric system. In each case, hydraulic transients result from changes in the variables controlled by the governor. Electrical Load or Torque on the turbine-generator system varies with the electrical load in the distribution grid. In steady-state operation, the electrical torque and the hydraulic torque are in dynamic equilibrium. From a hydraulic perspective, electrical torque is an external load on the turbine. The moment of inertia comes into play here as it can influence the rate at which a turbine speeds up or slows down. What value should I use for moment of inertia of a turbine? Should I use WR^2 or GD^2? Moment of inertia in HAMMER is defined by the equation WR^2, where W is the weight of the turbine and R is the "radius of gyration" (not the radius of the impeller). Reference . Moment of inertia is related by torque by way of the following equation: I*d /dt = M where: I is the moment of inertia, which is a constant is the rate at which the turbine is spinning (measured in radians per second) d /dt is the rate of change in (omega) over time (radians per second per second) M is the net torque applied to the turbine (i.e., the difference between the torque from the water that is spinning the turbine and the torque from the generator that the turbine is attached to). So if M = 0, then the hydraulic and electrical torque is balanced, and the turbine speed doesn't change (d /dt = 0) But if the electrical torque drops to zero, such as in a load rejection operating case, then M becomes greater than zero and the turbine starts to speed up. It will speed up quickly if it has a small moment of inertia, and it will speed up less quickly if it has a large moment of inertia. Speed is another possible control variable for numerical simulations. For turbines, however, the governor strives to keep the turbine at synchronous speed by varying the wicket gate position during load variation and acceptance (assuming a 'perfect' governor). If field data were available, the speed could be used to determine whether the model simulates the correct flow and pressures. Once the time-varying electrical torque and wicket gate positions are known, HAMMER solves flow, Q, and rotational speed, N, in conjunction with the characteristic curves for the turbine. This yields the transient pressures for the load rejection, load acceptance, emergency shutdown, operator error or equipment failure. The possible emergency or transient conditions are discussed separately in the sections that follow. Note: The turbine element in HAMMER is not used to represent impulse turbines. Transients caused by impulse turbines can be approximated in HAMMER by using a Throttle Control Valve (TCV) or Discharge to Atmosphere element to represent the turbine nozzle. How do I model the Draft Tube? In the above first illustration, this is simply the pipe immediately downstream of the turbine. You can model it as a pipe going to a reservoir, sometimes with a surge tank between. Turbine Properties Time (Delay until Valve Operates) : The period of time that must elapse before the spherical valve of the turbine activates. This should be set to a large value if it will not impact the operation of the turbine. Time for Valve to Operate : The time required to operate the spherical valve. By default, it is set equal to one time step. This should be set to a large value if it will not impact the operation of the turbine. Pattern (Gate Opening) : The percentage of wicket gate opening with time. This is set up in the Patterns dialog, found in the Components pulldown. Operating Case : Allows you to choose among the four possible cases: Instantaneous Load Rejection, Load Rejection (requires torque/load vs. time table), Load Acceptance, and Load Variation. Diameter (Spherical Valve) : The diameter of the spherical valve. Efficiency : The efficiency of the turbine as a percentage. This is typically shown in the curves provided by the manufacturer. A typical range is 85% to 95%, but values outside this range are possible. See below wiki solution for more on turbine efficiency: http://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/turbine-efficiency.aspx Moment of Inertia : This value will account for the turbine, generator, and entrained water. This is also typically provided by the manufacturer. As mentioned in the previous section, Moment of inertia is HAMMER is defined by the equation WR^2, where W is the weight on the turbine and R is the radius of gyration. Speed (Rotational) : The rotation of the turbine blades per unit time, typically as rotations per minute or rpm. The power generated by the turbine depends on this value. Specific Speed : Enables you to select from four-quadrant characteristic curves to represent typical turbines for three common types: 30, 45, or 60 (U.S. customary units) and 115, 170, or 230 (SI metric units). The source of these three defaults is the US Bureau of Reclamation. You can enter your own four-quadrant data in the XML library. See the Help documentation for more information. Turbine Curve : This curve is used to define the flow and head for the turbine in the initial conditions computation, corresponding to the fully open position of the wicket gate. For a transient run, HAMMER uses a four-quadrant curve based on Specific Speed, Rated (initial) Head, and Rated (initial) Flow. See more on this below. Flow (Rated) : Denotes the flow under normal operating conditions. Only applies to the Load Acceptance operating case. Head (Rated) : Denotes the headloss through the turbine under normal operating conditions, corresponding to the rated flow. Only applies to the Load Acceptance operating case. Electrical Torque Curve : defines the time vs. applied (electrical) torque response for the turbine. Only applies to the Load Rejection operating case. Setting up the Turbine properties This section gives a brief overview of the general setup for a turbine. The exact information entered will vary based on the turbine and the modeling case that is being used. The properties fields “Operating Case” and “Pattern (Gate Opening)” go hand-in-hand, and are the primary modeling usage for a turbine. More details can be found in the next section. There are four operating cases to choose from: Load Rejection, Instant Load Rejection, Load Acceptance, and Load Variation. The pattern is created in the section “Operational (Transient, Turbine). It used in conjunction with this will represent the relative wicket gate opening at the time from the start of the simulation. The property field “ Turbine Curve ” is used to determine the relation between flow and head during the steady state analysis used for the initial conditions. If you are modeling a Load Acceptance operating case, you will need to manually enter a rated flow and rated head instead of the turbine curve. This is so that the program has a starting point for the development of the four-quadrant curve. In the other modeling cases, the flow and head used are derived from the turbine curve in the initial conditions. Load Acceptance assumes that the initial status of the turbine is closed, meaning there is no rated flow and head results. Instead, the program will use the rated flow and head entered in the properties. The relationship here is typically the reverse of a pump. Meaning, as flow increases, head increases. This is because the "Head" in this case is not the head added, but rather it is the head drop across the turbine (difference between downstream and upstream HGL), some of which will be converted to electrical energy. The flow and head relationship defined in the Turbine Curve is not used in the transient analysis. The transient analysis will use a four-quadrant curve derived from the rated flow and head, as well as the moment of inertia, rotational speed, and specific speed. The points on the constructed quadrant curve are relative to the initial conditions operating point (head/flow) where are derived from the turbine curve. Since load rejection and variation events assume the wicket gate starts fully open, the turbine curve that you enter should represent the turbine's rated/nominal characteristics, when the gate is in the fully open position. For load acceptance, where the gate is assumed to be closed, you enter the "rated" head and flow, also representing the nominal operating point of the turbine when the gate is fully opened. This information should be available from the turbine manufacturer. If you want to force a specific flow and head for your turbine's initial conditions, there are some options: 1) Enter a minimum number of points on the turbine curve, all close to the desired operating point 2) Use the "specify initial conditions" calculation option. This is a rarely used, legacy feature that allows you to manually specify the initial conditions, instead of allowing the initial conditions steady state solver to calculate them for you. For most models this is not a feasible approach, but if your turbine model is relatively small, it may be worth considering. To do this, open your calculation options under Analysis > Calculation Options > Transient Solver. At the bottom of the list you will see an option called "Specify Initial Conditions". Set this to true to expose various "initial" fields in the properties of your elements. For example for your pipes, you will see a "Flow (Initial)", "Hydraulic Grade (Initial Start)" and "Hydraulic Grade (Initial Stop)". By way of the initial flow and hydraulic grade in the pipes adjacent to the turbine, HAMMER will know what the initial operating point is and will use that for the transient simulation (along with the other parameters like the specific speed). Extra care needs to be taken with this approach, but you won't need to enter an accurate "turbine curve" (though you may need to enter some values in the turbine curve to avoid a validation message, even though the curve won't be used with the calculation option set to True). The specific speed can be estimated with the following equation: In US units n is in rpm, P is in hp, and H is in ft. In SI units n is in rpm, P is in kW, and H is in m. There are three different specific speeds available to choose from: “SI=115, US=30,” “SI=170, US=45,” and “SI=230, US=60.” Note: In a case where you need to have a specific four-quadrant curve not represented by the choices above, it is possible to create a custom four-quadrant curve. Please see the Help topic “Pump and Turbine Characteristics in Bentley HAMMER” for details. Note that the data that you enter for custom quadrant curves is unitless - it represents the shape of the curve, which is applied to the initial head drop and flow across the turbine to construct the characteristics curve (with units) used during the simulation. Lastly, the property field “Report Period (Transient)” will allow the user to see the turbine results in the Transient Analysis Detailed Report. These results will include the time, the gate opening percentage, flow, speed, and head. Note: While the four-quadrant curves for turbines have information for different gate openings, a result of 20% gate opening is as low as the report will go. That means it is not possible to compute or interpolate the turbine operating point when the wicket gates are less than 20% open, so what HAMMER does is linearly interpolate from the flow at 20% open down to zero flow (at the time when the operating rule says the wicket gates are 0% open). Without any four-quadrant turbine characteristic curves available for these gate openings, there is no way to compute the turbine behavior. Modeling cases with Turbines Like pumps, there are specific operating rules that can be assigned to a turbine in HAMMER. Below is a brief description of each case. There is a sample model which uses each case below. The sample model can be found at C:\Program Files (x86)\Bentley\HAMMER8\Samples\Turbine_Example.wtg. Instant Load Rejection Instant Load Rejection is similar to the Load Rejection case, except the electrical load on the turbine drops instantaneously to zero (i.e. the turbine is disconnected from the generator). During instant load rejection, the generation of electrical power by the turbine-generator unit should decrease to zero as quickly as possible to limit the speed rise of the unit. To accomplish this, the wicket gates close gradually in order to reduce flow. In a real turbine a governor would control the wicket gate closure rate, however the turbine governor is not modeled explicitly in HAMMER and the user controls the rate of wicket gate closure. Note: the wicket gate pattern must begin at 100% open and decrease to 0%. If you need to model an instant load rejection with the wicket gate starting less than 100% open, see this article: Modeling turbine instant load rejection with wicket gate starting less than 100% open Load Rejection The Load Rejection operating case is similar to the Instant Load Rejection case, except you can define a pattern of electrical torque over time rather than assuming it drops to zero in the first timestep. Load rejection occurs when the distribution grid fails to accept electrical load from the turbine-generator system. After the load is rejected by the grid, there is no external load on the turbine-generator unit and the speed of the runner increases rapidly. This can be catastrophic if immediate steps are not taken to slow and stop the system. To keep the speed rise within an acceptable limit, the wicket gates must close quickly and this may result in high (followed by low) hydraulic transient pressures in the penstock. Since load rejection usually results in the most severe transient pressures, it typically governs the design of surge control equipment. During load rejection, the generation of electrical power by the turbine-generator unit should decrease to zero as quickly as possible to limit the speed rise of the unit. To accomplish this, the wicket gates close gradually in order to reduce flow. In a real turbine a governor would control the wicket gate closure rate, however the turbine governor is not modeled explicitly in HAMMER and the user controls the rate of wicket gate closure. If the power generated by the water flowing through the turbine is greater than the electrical load, then the turbine will speed up; if the electrical load is greater, the turbine will slow down. Note: Load and gate position are entered in different parameter tables in HAMMER because they may not use the same time interval. HAMMER interpolates automatically as required. Wicket Gate position (in the Operating Rule) must start at 100% and drop to 0%. To model a wicket gate that does not change position, enter a 0% point on the Operating Rule, after the end of the transient simulation. Load Acceptance Full load acceptance occurs when the turbine-generator unit is connected to the electrical grid. Transient pressures generated during full load acceptance can be significant but they are usually less severe than those resulting from full load rejection. HAMMER assumes the turbine initially operates at no-load speed (NLS), and the turbine generates no electrical power. When the transient simulation begins, HAMMER assumes the electrical grid is connected to the output terminal of the generator and wicket gates have to be open as quickly as possible to meet the power demand, all without causing excessive pressure in the penstock. Note that in this case, HAMMER assumes the turbine governor is ‘perfect.’ In other words the power produced by the turbine always equals the electrical load. Therefore the user doesn't need to enter an electrical load, just a curve of wicket gate position versus time, and the turbine's rated flow and head. Under the Load Acceptance case the turbine will always operate at its rated (or synchronous) speed. When using Load Acceptance, you must enter the Flow (Rated) and Head (Rated) for the turbine. The transient solver needs these values into order to use the four-quadrant curve. If the turbine was open, these values would be obtained by simply computing the initial conditions. Obviously, when the turbine is closed, the computed values will for the rated flow and rated head will be zero, which will not identify the appropriate four-quadrant curve. To find the Flow (Rated) and Head (Rated), it is recommended to first set the status of the turbine to Open and compute the initial conditions. Note the Flow and Head results for the turbine and enter this for Flow (Rated) and Head (Rated). Set the turbine to Closed again and compute initial conditions and the transient analysis. The correct four-quadrant curve should now be used. Load Variation Load variation on the turbine-generator unit can occur due to the diurnal changes in electricity demand in the distribution grid. During load variation, the governor controls the wicket gate opening to adjust flow through the turbine so that the unit can match the electrical demand. The water column in the penstock and conduit system accelerates or decelerates, resulting in pressure fluctuations. The transient pressures that occur during general load variation may not be significant from a hydraulic design perspective since they are often lower than the pressure generated during a full load rejection or emergency shutdown. At steady-state, the turbine-generator system usually runs at full load with the wicket gates 100% open. The amount of electricity produced by the system depends on the flow through the wicket gates. A decrease in electrical load requires a reduction in the wicket gate opening to adjust the flow. The wicket gate pattern must start at 100% and cannot drop below 30%. Note that in this case, like in the case of the Load Acceptance operating case, HAMMER assumes the turbine governor is ‘perfect.’ Under the Load Variation case the turbine will always operates at its rated (or synchronous) speed. Viewing Results As with other elements in HAMMER, results for turbines can be viewed using the Transient Results Viewer. Profile animations will show how the pressure and hydraulic grade will change along a path and over the length of the simulation. The Time History tab will allow the user to view results for flow, hydraulic grade, pressure, air/vapor volume, as well as velocity and force, at points in the model. Locations will need to be added as report points to see the results at points in the model. In the Extended Node Data tab, the user can view a graph for speed or wicket gate opening for the turbine. If a value was included for the "Report Period (Transient)”, the user can see select turbine results in the Transient Analysis Detailed Report. These results will include the time, the gate opening percentage, flow, speed, and head. This data can be copied into an Excel spreadsheet and graphed, if you want to see graphical results. As mentioned above, speed and wicket gate opening can be graphed from the Extended Node Data tab in the Transient Results Viewer. A Note on Simulating "Runaway Speed" or "Overspeed" If you would like to model a runaway speed scenario in which the turbine gates do not close, see the following article. Speed can be graphed in the Extended Node Data tab of the Transient Results Viewer, when a number is entered in the Report Period field of the turbine. Setting up a Runaway speed scenario for a turbine A Note on Impulse or Pelton Wheel Turbines An impulse turbine has one or more fixed nozzles through which pressure is converted to kinetic energy as a liquid (typically water) jet. The jet impinges on the moving plates of the turbine runner that absorbs virtually all of the moving water's kinetic energy. In practice, the most common impulse turbine is the Pelton wheel shown in the figure below. Its rotor consists of a circular disc with several "buckets" evenly spaced around its periphery. The splitter ridge in the center of each bucket divides the incoming jet(s) into two equal parts that flow around the inner surface of the bucket. Flow partly fills the buckets and water remains in contact with the air at ambient (or atmospheric) pressure. It is important to note that the turbine element in HAMMER is not used to represent impulse turbines. Transients caused by impulse turbines can be approximated in HAMMER by using a Throttle Control Valve (TCV) or Discharge to Atmosphere element to represent the turbine nozzle. An example of this setup would be to approximate the gate closure on the impulse turbine using a "Discharge to Atmosphere" (D2A) element. See the schematic below for one possible setup of the system: If you want to model the impulse turbine gate closing in 10 seconds, you would set the D2A property field "Discharge Element Type" to Valve with an initial status of Open. Then you would set "Time to Fully Open or Close" to 10 seconds. Note: remember to enter values for "Pressure Drop (Typical)" and "Flow (Typical)". The "Flow (Typical)" is simply the expected flow from the turbine. You can calculate the typical pressure drop using the orifice equation). More information on entering this information can be found in the Discharge to Atmosphere TechNote found here If you want more control over the valve closure, you could use a Trottle Control Valve (TCV) element instead. The TCV allows you to enter an Operating Rule that has curve of valve closure (or gate closure, for an impulse turbine) versus time. For example, you could have the gate close quickly until it 10% open, then close more slowly the rest of the way. If you are modeling a Load Acceptance type case with for a Pelton turbine when using a TCV, you may end up with user notifications after computing the initial conditions stating that the Discharge to Atmosphere element has an demand that cannot be satisfied. The reason for this is that the TCV would be initial closed and the D2A would be set such that the program will see a demand on element. With the valve closed, there is no way to satisfy this demand. There are a couple of things that you can try in a case like this. First, you can remove the TCV and use the valve feature on the D2A. This will use simplified closure characteristics, but this may be suitable for some modeling cases. See the information above for more information. Second, rather than start with the TCV closed, start with the valve open. Set up the valve pattern so that it closes and remains closed for a time. How long will depend on how long it takes for the system to reach a new equilibrium and may take some trial and error. Once a new equilibrium is achieved, reopen the valve. The key results for your model will be during and after the valve reopening. Third, you can set the Coefficient Type to "Valve Characteristic Curve" and set the valve status to Active. For the initial position of the valve, set this to be 100% closed. With this setting, you will see a very small amount of flow, but there will be no messages about the system being disconnected. Lastly, you can ignore the user notifications. It will be very importance to make sure that the initial conditions results (such as flow and hydraulic grade) are correct and reasonable. If they are not, one of the options above will need to be implemented instead. See Also Protective Equipment FAQ General HAMMER V8i FAQ Convergence problems with turbine transient simulation Modeling turbine instant load rejection with wicket gate starting less than 100% open Why does my text output report for my turbine stop at the time when the gate is 20% open in HAMMER?

Hello Hari, I believe that the model ("working_part1") you posted in this particular thread ("gutter geometry setup"), was answered in another thread, " element disconnection notifications ". Please see Scott Kampa's post in the other thread.

Product(s): HAMMER Version(s): V8i, CONNECT Edition Area: Modeling Problem How can I simulate transients from an instant load rejection, if the wicket gates are less than 100% open? If I try to set up the operating rule starting less than 100%, the following error occurs: "For the Operating Case selected, the gate opening values must start at 100% and decrease to 0%." Solution This can be done with the Load Rejection operating case: 1) Select the "Load Rejection" operating case for your turbine 2) Set up the wicket gate pattern to start at 100% (still a requirement), ramp down to your desired starting position (for example 75%) over a period of time that does not cause a damaging transient, then hold it steady until any transient waves dampen out. Some trial and error may be needed to determine the length of time needed for the system to settle down. 3) Set up the electrical torque curve to start at the initial conditions torque, wait until the wicket gate drops to the desired partially-open position and things settle down, then "reject" the load after that point by dropping it to zero within one timestep. The article seen at the bottom can help determine the initial electrical torque to enter in the table. 4) Finish the wicket gate operating rule pattern by dropping it down to zero just as you would with instant load rejection (just with the time shifted forward) 5) Use the “Report History After” calculation option if you want the results to appear as if they start at the time when the system has settled down to the desired part-open position. See Also Using Turbines in Bentley HAMMER Calculating initial electrical torque for use with the Load Rejection turbine Operating Case

Product(s): WaterGEMS, WaterCAD Version(s): V8i, CONNECT Edition Area: Modeling Problem How can I create a control whose condition is based on the sum of flow through multiple pipes? For example the total flow into a DMA from multiple entrances. Solution Although it is possible to use pipe flow as a condition with controls, it is not directly possible to configure a condition as the sum of flow through multiple pipes. However, this can be accomplished by setting up a fictitious network with two reservoirs connected to two FCVs, that join at a single junction, then connect to a reservoir at a lower elevation with a single pipe. Configure a series of controls that change the setting of each FCV based on the flow in the two pipes you want to monitor. When the FCVs change their setting to match their respective pipe flow, it will effectively set the flow through their pipes, and when those pipes join together and go through a common pipe, that common pipe will have the sum of the two pipe flows, and you can use that pipe as your condition for your 'real' control. You can download the following example model. This can be opened in version 10.00.00.55 and greater of WaterCAD or WaterGEMS: communities.bentley.com/.../Condition-on-sum-of-two-pipe-flows.wtg.zip Note that you would need several controls to check each range. In the attached model the granularity is 10 L/s with three increments of controls for each FCV, just for illustrative purposes. In the real system, some finer granularity might be best. You would check the expected range of flow through each pipe and set up the controls based on that. See Also Creating a timer control to execute after a specific time period has elapsed Controls for alternating or cycling between multiple pumps

Product(s): CivilStorm, SewerGEMS Version(s): V8i Area: Modeling Problem When validating a model, the following error is generated: System.IndexOutOfRangeException: Unexpected node element type. at Haestad.Delaware.ModelingObjects.Dynamic.DelawarePipe3DLengthResultField.GetElevationForNode(Int32 nodeID) at Haestad.Delaware.ModelingObjects.Dynamic.DelawarePipe3DLengthResultField.GetValueImplBasic(Int32 elementID, Int32 physicalAltID, Int32 geometryAltID, Int32 topologyAltID) at Haestad.Delaware.ModelingObjects.Dynamic.DelawarePipe3DLengthResultField.GetValueImpl(Int32 elementID, Int32 scenarioID) at Haestad.Delaware.ModelingObjects.Dynamic.DelawarePipe3DLengthResultField.GetDoubleValue(Int32 elementID) at Haestad.Domain.ModelingObjects.UnifiedLengthResultField.GetValuesBasic(HmIDCollection ids, Int32 scenarioID, Double roundToNearest, HmIDCollection domainElementTypeIDs) at Haestad.Domain.ModelingObjects.UnifiedLengthResultField.GetValues(HmIDCollection domainElementTypeIDs, Int32 scenarioID) at Haestad.Calculations.Florida.FloridaConduitDataReader.ReadConduitPhysicalData(IDictionary& setInvertToUpstreamMap, IDictionary& upstreamInvertMap, IDictionary& setInvertToDownstreamMap, IDictionary& downstreamInvertMap, IDictionary& isUserDefinedLengthMap, IDictionary& userDefinedLengthMap, IDictionary& conduitRiseMap, IDictionary& conduitSpanMap, IDictionary& conduitDiameterMap, IDictionary& numberOfBarrelsMap, IDictionary& conduitShapeMap, IDictionary& roughnessTypeMap, IDictionary& scaledLengthMap, IDictionary& startNodeIdMap, IDictionary& stopNodeIdMap) at Haestad.Calculations.Florida.FloridaConduitDataReader.CreateConduitDataList(Boolean isValidating) at Haestad.Calculations.Florida.FloridaEngineDataReader.CreateConduitDataList(Boolean isValidating) at Haestad.Calculations.Florida.FloridaEngineDataReader.CreateEngineData(Boolean isValidating, IFloridaEngineLoadingProgress progressIndicator) at Haestad.Calculations.Florida.Domain.FloridaNumericEngine.ValidateScenario(IScenario scenario, INumericalEngineInput engineInput) at Haestad.Calculations.Florida.Domain.FloridaNumericEngine.Validate(ModelingElementCollection scenarios) at Haestad.Domain.ModelingObjects.CompositeNumericalEngineBase.Validate(ModelingElementCollection scenarios) at Haestad.StormSewerProduct.Support.Actions.Analysis.Calculations.ValidateAction.ExecuteImpl(IQueryApplicationState queryApplicationState) at Haestad.Framework.Support.Actions.ActionBase`2.Execute() at TD.SandBar.ToolbarItemBase.OnActivate() at TD.SandBar.ToolBar.OnItemRelease(ToolbarItemBase item, Point position) at TD.SandBar.ToolBar.OnMouseUp(MouseEventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmMouseUp(Message& m, MouseButtons button, Int32 clicks) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.Callback(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam) Solution This error message can be caused when "Use 3D Length?" is set to True in the Hydraulic Model tab of the Options dialog. Going to Tools > Options in the V8i release of SewerGEMS and CivilStorm, choosing the Hydraulic Model tab and setting "Use 3D Length?" to False will fix the issue. However, it is recommended that you upgrade to the latest version, as this issue no longer occurs in the CONNECT Edition releases of the products. The steps to upgrade can be found here: Downloading Haestad / Hydraulics and Hydrology Software .

Hello Ken, Please provide your model files using one of the methods explained in the following article. https://communities.bentley.com/help/w/be_communities_help/32255/sharing-hydraulic-model-files-on-the-haestad-forum Try setting your Reporting Time Step in Calculation Options to All. Also, make sure you aren't receiving any red user notifications.